Collineation measurement: A method for constructing the imperial citadel of Thang Long in harmony with nature

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design history. Although historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectical unity relationship with the surroundingmountains, current research is only speculative generalization and lacks empirical analysis. Based on existing findings, this paper identifies the collineation measurement as a generalmethod in the Sinosphere countries for determining spatial orientation. Using a mixed-method of historical archives, fieldwork and simulation model, this paper summarizeshistorical cluesandthreedesignperspectives related to spatial orientation by statistical analysis. Further, it analyzes the logic and application of collineation measurement in constructing the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long. The results show that Vietnamese designers used Tàn Viên Mountain as a component of Thang Long city by collineating the twomountain peaks to the west. Tàn Viên Mountain and the highlands extending eastward fromit are used as the key to establishing the position of the Imperial Citadel, setting the spatial structure of human settlements, and the development of city space. The location, layout, and formof important buildings in the Imperial Citadel are also closely related to the surrounding landscape within 50 km.     

藏族风情自驾旅游区概念规划——以四川松潘县林坡村为例

四川省甘(孜)—阿(坝)民族地区自然环境优美,民族文化浓郁,旅游资源丰富,近年来吸引了大批自驾游客。甘(孜)—阿(坝)地区松潘县川主寺镇林坡村基于生态和少数民族特色村寨保护的理念,围绕区域"硬资源"(自然景观)和"软资源"(民族特色风情)来构建旅游发展格局,形成了民族特色鲜明、生态可持续发展的体验式自驾旅游区。     

自然式儿童游戏场设计——以英国小学为例

主要介绍英国近几年兴起的"自然式"儿童游戏场。先从英国政府对儿童游戏场的设计导则、资金及政策上的支撑展开研究,再对自然式儿童游戏场设计要点进行归纳,采用位于英国谢菲尔德市的阿卡地亚景观设计公司设计并2次荣获英国皇家园艺协会(RHS)"绽放约克郡"(Yorkshire in Bloom)评比金奖及特别殊荣奖的欧佛索普小学作为案例研究。最后通过分析中国目前儿童游戏场现状,提出英国自然式儿童游戏场设计的可借鉴之处。     

球罐基础沉降差对支柱稳定性影响的分析处理

介绍了球罐安装中可能出现的球罐支柱失稳问题。对1台5000 m3球罐的基础沉降差对支柱稳定性的影响进行了计算分析,并提出了一些增强球罐支柱稳定性的措施。     

生物慢滤工艺不同深度净化景观水效果研究

生物慢滤工艺对COD、SCOD和浊度去除率分别可达到49%、46%和77%;对COD、SCOD和浊度,系统表层填料对COD、SCOD和浊度的去除贡献较大;在填料5 cm以下装置对有机物和浊度的去除曲线斜率基本一致。生物慢滤池对于TP和溶解性磷酸盐可达到70%以上;系统对总氮去除率一般只有18.0%~30.0%,对氨氮去除率可达33%~67%。沿不同深度,磷和总氮的去除率基本呈不断增大的趋势;而氨氮的去除率呈现先增大后减小的规律。     

The interpretation of the English landscape garden between 1815 and 1840 through Xavier Kurten’s work in Piedmont (north-west Italy)

Xavier Kurten (?–1840) was a Prussian landscape gardener who worked for the Savoy family in the Piedmont region of Italy in the first half of the nineteenth century. He designed or redesigned all royal parks, creating a specific style based on the English naturalistic garden approach. This research was performed with the aim of investigating the development of the English landscape garden in Italy. Historical documents relating to Kurten’s biography and his work in Piedmont, including plans, were collected and analysed. We analyse and discuss the features that characterised his work: the relationship between the landscape—garden—house, the path system, the use of water, the vegetation, and the garden as a productive landscape. Kurten’s style is compared with the projects of William Kent and Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown.     

Using the past to indicate the possible presence of relics in the present-day landscape: the Western Front of the Great War in Belgium

The First World War (WWI) had a notable influence on the landscape at the former Western Front in Belgium. Research on a landscape scale is necessary to understand the destructive and constructive impact of the war and its consequences for the post-war landscape in a holistic manner. This paper focuses on the trajectory and impact analysis of three study areas with contrasting landscape types and aims to indicate possible preserved military relics today. Therefore, landscape changes are studied using historical aerial photographs (WWI and WWII) and contemporary orthophotos. A military landscape characterisation is made based on land use/land cover and linear structures that were mapped throughout time. Specific landscape trajectories could be designated as areas with a possible preservation of WWI heritage, with a related impact degree. The results are useful for sustainable heritage management and for further interdisciplinary research on WWI-heritage, by providing a broad knowledge of the area.     

Tunnelling-induced response of a jointed pipeline and its equivalence to a continuous structure

The response of a jointed pipeline to tunnelling-induced ground settlement relies largely on the soil-pipe interaction. An analytical solution incorporating the Pasternak model is formulated here to estimate a jointed pipeline's deflection and bending moment. Subsequently, a procedure is proposed to transform the jointed pipeline to an equivalent continuous structure for a deflection evaluation. Case studies are conducted to verify the analytical solution, followed by parametric studies to assess the effects of the Pasternak model's parameters and the pipe joints. The analytical solution is validated by the experimental results in the literature. The parametric studies show that the number and distribution of the joints have a mild effect on the pipe deflection, whereas their influence on the pipe bending moment is significant. Similarly, the pipe bending moment is more sensitive than the pipe deflection to subgrade shear stiffness.     

厦门地铁车站基坑施工诱发地表沉降的经验#br# 预测方法研究

地铁建设的快速发展对于缓解国内大中城市的交通拥堵问题具有极其重要的意义,然而,轨道交通运营线路多通过城市的主要街区以及繁华商圈,车站周边地表受基坑开挖影响产生沉降等环境问题较为显著,须在支护设计阶段对其进行有效地预测及控制,以便最大程度地降低施工阶段发生工程灾害的机率。基于厦门地铁1号线车站建设过程中邻域地表沉降的监测数据,对实测沉降槽曲线进行归一化处理和统计分析,得出适用于厦门地区类似工程条件下地铁车站基坑施工诱发周边地表沉降的经验预测方法,为后续的地铁建设提供参考建议。     

软土地区基坑对周边环境影响空间效应分析

软土地区基坑开挖引起的变形具有明显的空间效应,为了进一步研究开挖引起周边地面及建构筑物变形的特性,结合对温州某大型深基坑工程的监测,从垂直于基坑围护墙以及平行于围护墙两个方向,对基坑外地面道路以及建筑物的沉降和裂缝情况进行了监测分析,总结了开挖引起基坑外地表沉降的分布特性,分析发现：基坑边角对围护墙变形以及地表沉降具有明显限制作用;在垂直于基坑方向上,处在沉降主要影响区2H_e范围内,建筑物均具有明显的差异沉降,最大角变量达到1/1300;平行基坑方向距离边角（0.4~1.2）H_e（最大开挖深度）范围观测到纵向裂缝,沉降变化率较大,可能破坏道路或建构筑物;此外,桩基础的建筑物总沉降以及差异沉降均明显小于条形基础建筑。